Umbrella Tree

Overview

The Umbrella Tree (Schefflera), also known as Dwarf Umbrella Tree or Umbrella Plant, is a popular houseplant prized for its distinctive foliage and relatively easy care requirements. Native to tropical regions of Taiwan, Australia, and New Guinea, these versatile plants have become staples in homes and offices worldwide due to their attractive appearance and adaptability to indoor conditions.

The most recognizable feature of the Umbrella Tree is its palmate leaf structure, where leaflets radiate outward from a central point like the spokes of an umbrella—hence the plant's common name. Each compound leaf typically consists of 5-9 glossy, oval leaflets (though some varieties may have more), creating an attractive, tropical appearance. The foliage grows from the ends of woody stems, forming a tree-like structure that can be maintained at various heights through pruning.

Two species are commonly grown as houseplants: Schefflera arboricola (Dwarf Umbrella Tree), which is more compact and typically reaches 4-8 feet indoors, and Schefflera actinophylla (Umbrella Tree or Octopus Tree), which is larger and can grow to ceiling height if not pruned. Both species share similar care requirements and distinctive leaf patterns, though S. arboricola is more commonly found in homes due to its more manageable size.

Umbrella Trees are known for their relatively fast growth rate and adaptability to a range of indoor conditions. They can tolerate lower light than many other tree-like houseplants, though they grow best and maintain the most attractive form in bright, indirect light. With proper care, these plants can live for many years, developing thicker trunks and a more tree-like appearance with age.

While they rarely flower indoors, in their natural habitat or in ideal greenhouse conditions, mature Umbrella Trees can produce unusual long, red, tentacle-like flower spikes that resemble an octopus (giving S. actinophylla its alternate common name, Octopus Tree). However, they're grown almost exclusively for their attractive foliage rather than their flowers.

The Umbrella Tree contains calcium oxalate crystals, which can cause mild irritation if ingested or if the sap contacts skin, so care should be taken when handling the plant and placing it in homes with pets or small children. Despite this minor drawback, their ease of care, attractive appearance, and air-purifying qualities make Umbrella Trees excellent choices for both beginning and experienced plant enthusiasts looking to add a touch of the tropics to their indoor spaces.

Care Guide

Light Requirements

Umbrella Trees are adaptable to various light conditions, though they have preferences for optimal growth:

• Bright indirect light: Ideal for balanced growth and leaf development
• Medium light: Tolerates well, though growth may be slightly slower
• Low light: Can survive but will grow slowly and may become leggy
• Direct sunlight: Avoid as it can scorch the leaves

For optimal growth, place your Umbrella Tree near an east or north-facing window where it will receive gentle morning sunlight and bright, filtered light throughout the day. If placed near a south or west-facing window, ensure the plant is positioned several feet away from the window or protected by a sheer curtain to filter the intense direct sunlight.

The light requirements of Umbrella Trees directly affect their growth pattern. Insufficient light causes leggy growth with elongated stems and smaller, more widely spaced leaves as the plant stretches toward light sources. Too much direct light can burn the leaves, creating brown, crispy patches that damage the plant's appearance.

Rotate your Umbrella Tree a quarter turn every few weeks to ensure all sides receive equal light exposure, promoting even growth and preventing the plant from leaning toward the light source. This is particularly important for maintaining the attractive, balanced form that makes these plants so appealing.

Watering

Umbrella Trees prefer a moderate watering schedule with periods of slight dryness between waterings:

Watering Schedule:

• Allow the top inch of soil to dry out between waterings
• Typically water every 7-10 days, depending on your home's conditions
• Reduce frequency significantly in winter when growth slows
• Increase slightly during hot, dry periods when soil dries more quickly

Watering Technique:

• Water thoroughly until it flows from the drainage holes
• Empty the saucer to prevent the plant from sitting in water
• Water the soil directly, avoiding wetting the trunk and leaves
• Use room temperature water to avoid shocking the roots

Seasonal Adjustments:

• Spring/Summer: More frequent watering as the plant is actively growing
• Fall/Winter: Reduce watering as growth slows and daylight decreases
• Always adjust based on environmental conditions rather than a strict calendar

Umbrella Trees communicate their watering needs through their leaves. Drooping or wilting indicates underwatering, while yellowing leaves often signal overwatering. The plant prefers to dry out slightly between waterings but should never be allowed to dry out completely for extended periods.

These plants are more susceptible to damage from overwatering than underwatering. When in doubt, it's better to err on the side of underwatering, as Umbrella Trees are more tolerant of occasional dryness than of consistently soggy soil.

Soil

Umbrella Trees thrive in well-draining soil that retains some moisture:

Ideal Soil Mix:

• 2 parts quality potting soil
• 1 part perlite or pumice
• 1 part coco coir or peat moss
• Optional: Add a small handful of compost for additional nutrients

This combination creates a light, airy mix that holds some moisture while still allowing excess water to drain away quickly. The addition of perlite or pumice helps create air pockets in the soil, promoting healthy root development and preventing compaction.

Container Considerations:

• Always use pots with drainage holes
• Plastic or glazed ceramic pots retain moisture better than terracotta
• Choose a pot that's proportional to the plant's size—too large a pot can lead to overwatering issues
• Consider the mature size when selecting a container, especially for larger varieties

Repot your Umbrella Tree every 2-3 years, or when it has clearly outgrown its container. The best time to repot is in spring during the active growing season. When repotting, handle the plant gently to avoid damaging the roots and position it at the same depth it was previously growing.

These plants don't mind being somewhat root-bound, so don't rush to repot them into much larger containers. When repotting, choose a pot that's only 1-2 inches larger in diameter than the current one.

Temperature & Humidity

Umbrella Trees are tropical plants that prefer warm temperatures and moderate humidity:

Temperature:

• Ideal range: 65-80°F (18-27°C)
• Minimum temperature: 55°F (13°C)
• Will suffer damage below 50°F (10°C)
• Avoid sudden temperature fluctuations
• Keep away from cold drafts, heating vents, and air conditioners

Humidity:

• Prefers moderate humidity (40-60%)
• Can tolerate average indoor humidity better than many tropical plants
• Increase humidity if desired through these methods:
  • Use a humidifier near the plant
  • Place on a humidity tray (pebble tray with water)
  • Group with other plants to create a microclimate

One of the appealing aspects of Umbrella Trees is their adaptability to normal household humidity levels. While they appreciate higher humidity, they generally don't require the high humidity levels that many other tropical plants demand. This makes them particularly well-suited to modern homes and offices with dry air from heating and cooling systems.

Temperature stability is important for Umbrella Trees. During winter, be especially mindful of keeping them away from cold windows and doors. Similarly, avoid placing them near heating vents, which can create hot, dry conditions that stress these plants.

Fertilizing

Umbrella Trees benefit from regular fertilization during their active growing period:

Fertilizing Schedule:

• Apply a balanced, water-soluble houseplant fertilizer diluted to half the recommended strength
• Fertilize once a month during spring and summer (active growth period)
• Reduce to once every 2-3 months in fall
• Do not fertilize in winter when growth naturally slows
• Resume fertilizing in spring when new growth appears

Fertilizing Tips:

• Use a balanced formula (such as 10-10-10) or one specifically formulated for foliage plants
• Liquid fertilizers are easier to control and less likely to cause fertilizer burn
• Always apply fertilizer to moist soil to prevent root burn
• Flush the soil thoroughly with water every few months to prevent salt buildup

Umbrella Trees are moderate feeders and can benefit from regular fertilization, which helps support their relatively fast growth rate and maintain their attractive foliage. However, they can be sensitive to over-fertilization, which can cause leaf burn, brown leaf tips, or salt buildup in the soil. Signs of over-fertilization include brown or black spots on leaves, especially near the edges, and a white crust on the soil surface.

Under-fertilization typically manifests as smaller leaves, less vibrant coloration, and slower growth. Finding the right balance of nutrients is important for maintaining the plant's ornamental value and supporting healthy growth.

Propagation

Umbrella Trees can be propagated through stem cuttings, air layering, or seeds, with stem cuttings being the most accessible method for home gardeners:

Stem Cutting Propagation:

1. Select a healthy stem with at least two leaf nodes
2. Using clean, sharp scissors or pruning shears, cut a 4-6 inch section
3. Remove leaves from the bottom portion of the cutting, leaving 2-3 leaves at the top
4. Optional: Dip the cut end in rooting hormone to improve success rates
5. Allow the cut end to callus for a few hours
6. Plant the cutting in a small pot with moistened propagation mix (equal parts perlite and peat moss works well)
7. Cover with a clear plastic bag or dome to maintain humidity
8. Place in bright, indirect light (avoid direct sun)
9. Keep soil consistently moist but not soggy
10. Roots typically develop in 3-6 weeks
11. Once new growth appears, gradually remove the humidity dome
12. Transplant to regular potting mix once well-rooted

Air Layering:

1. Select a healthy stem section on the parent plant
2. Make a small upward cut about 1/3 of the way through the stem
3. Insert a toothpick or small stick to keep the cut open
4. Apply rooting hormone to the wound
5. Wrap the area with moistened sphagnum moss
6. Cover the moss with plastic wrap and secure with twist ties or string
7. Keep the moss moist by occasionally unwrapping and misting
8. Roots will form in the moss in 4-8 weeks
9. Once roots are visible through the moss, cut below the rooted section
10. Pot the new plant in appropriate soil

Water Propagation Alternative:

1. Prepare stem cuttings as described above
2. Place the cuttings in a container of clean water
3. Ensure the nodes are submerged but leaves remain above water
4. Place in bright, indirect light
5. Change the water every few days to prevent bacterial growth
6. Roots typically develop in 3-6 weeks
7. Once roots are 1-2 inches long, transplant to soil
8. Keep soil consistently moist for the first few weeks after transplanting

Important Propagation Tips:

• The best time to propagate is during spring or early summer when growth is most active
• Maintain high humidity around new cuttings
• Avoid direct sunlight, which can stress new plants
• Be patient—Umbrella Tree cuttings can take longer to root than many other houseplants
• Expect some leaf drop during the propagation process, which is normal as the plant adjusts

Propagation through stem cuttings is the most common and accessible method for home gardeners. While the process requires patience, it's a rewarding way to expand your collection or share these versatile plants with friends.

Common Problems

While Umbrella Trees are generally resilient, they can experience several common issues:

Yellowing Leaves:

• Cause: Overwatering is the most common cause, though normal aging of older leaves also produces yellowing
• Solution: Reduce watering frequency, ensure proper drainage, and remove only completely yellow leaves

Leaf Drop:

• Cause: Environmental stress, typically from relocation, temperature changes, drafts, or inconsistent watering
• Solution: Maintain stable conditions, avoid moving the plant frequently, and establish a consistent watering routine

Brown Leaf Tips and Edges:

• Cause: Low humidity, underwatering, or fertilizer buildup
• Solution: Increase humidity, adjust watering schedule, and flush soil occasionally to remove mineral buildup

Leggy Growth:

• Cause: Insufficient light causing the plant to stretch toward light sources
• Solution: Move to a brighter location, rotate the plant regularly, and prune to encourage bushier growth

Pests:

• Spider Mites: Tiny pests that cause stippling on leaves and fine webbing, particularly in dry conditions
• Mealybugs: White, cotton-like clusters in leaf joints and on stems
• Scale: Small brown bumps on stems and leaves that don't scrape off easily
• Aphids: Small insects that cluster on new growth and undersides of leaves
• Solution: Increase humidity (for spider mites), wipe leaves with insecticidal soap or neem oil, isolate affected plants

Root Rot:

• Cause: Overwatering, poor drainage, or compacted soil
• Symptoms: Wilting despite moist soil, yellowing leaves, mushy stems, foul smell
• Solution: Reduce watering, ensure proper drainage, and in severe cases, unpot the plant, trim affected roots, and repot in fresh soil

Leaf Spot Diseases:

• Cause: Fungal or bacterial infection, often from water on leaves in cool conditions
• Symptoms: Brown or black spots on leaves, sometimes with yellow halos
• Solution: Avoid wetting leaves, improve air circulation, remove affected leaves, and treat with appropriate fungicide if necessary

Most Umbrella Tree problems can be prevented with proper care focused on appropriate light, careful watering, and stable environmental conditions. Regular inspection helps catch issues early when they're easier to address.

Popular Varieties

The Schefflera genus includes several species and cultivars with diverse leaf patterns and growth habits. Here are some of the most popular and distinctive varieties for indoor cultivation:

Schefflera arboricola (Dwarf Umbrella Tree)

• The most common species grown as a houseplant
• Smaller and more compact than S. actinophylla
• Typically grows 4-8 feet tall indoors
• Leaflets are smaller and more numerous
• More manageable size for most indoor spaces

Schefflera actinophylla (Umbrella Tree)

• Larger species that can reach ceiling height indoors if not pruned
• Larger leaflets than S. arboricola
• Faster growth rate
• Often used as a floor specimen
• May produce red flower spikes in ideal conditions

Schefflera arboricola 'Gold Capella'

• Variegated form with gold and green leaves
• Bright yellow variegation on leaflets
• Same care requirements as the standard form
• Needs slightly more light to maintain variegation
• Adds a splash of color to indoor spaces

Schefflera arboricola 'Variegata'

• White and green variegated form
• Cream to white margins on leaflets
• Slightly slower growing than solid green varieties
• Requires more light to maintain variegation
• Elegant, refined appearance

Schefflera arboricola 'Trinette'

• Highly variegated form with mottled yellow and green leaves
• Irregular splashes of cream and yellow throughout leaflets
• More light-demanding than solid green varieties
• Striking, eye-catching appearance
• Popular for its bright, cheerful foliage

Schefflera arboricola 'Luseane'

• Compact variety with smaller leaves
• Dense, bushy growth habit
• Ideal for smaller spaces
• Same care requirements as standard form
• Good choice for tabletops and shelves

Schefflera arboricola 'Compacta'

• Naturally smaller, more compact variety
• Denser branching habit
• Smaller leaflets than standard form
• Perfect for limited spaces
• Maintains bushier appearance with less pruning

Schefflera arboricola 'Janine'

• Distinctive curled leaflets
• Unusual twisted appearance
• Same care requirements as standard form
• Conversation piece due to unique leaf form
• Less commonly available than other varieties

Schefflera digitata (Seven-Finger)

• Less common species with distinctive leaf form
• Native to New Zealand
• More cold-tolerant than tropical species
• Interesting alternative to common varieties
• Requires similar care to other Scheffleras

Brassaia actinophylla 'Amate' (sometimes listed as Schefflera amate)

• Improved cultivar of the larger Umbrella Tree
• Darker green, glossier leaves
• More compact growth habit than standard S. actinophylla
• Better branching without pruning
• Popular for commercial installations

These diverse Umbrella Tree varieties offer something for every plant enthusiast, from beginners to advanced collectors. While they share similar care requirements, the different leaf forms, sizes, and colors create distinctly different visual effects, allowing for creative combinations in plantings and displays.

With their attractive foliage, adaptability to indoor conditions, and relatively easy care requirements, Umbrella Trees make excellent houseplants for both beginning and experienced plant enthusiasts. Their tree-like form adds vertical interest to interior spaces, while their lush, tropical appearance brings a touch of the exotic to homes and offices.